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HDFS

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS™) support.

A distributed file system that provides high-throughput access to application data.

Capabilities​

This service can be used to:

  • stat
  • read
  • write
  • create_dir
  • delete
  • copy
  • rename
  • list
  • presign
  • blocking
  • append

Differences with webhdfs​

[Webhdfs][crate::services::Webhdfs] is powered by hdfs's RESTful HTTP API.

Features​

HDFS support needs to enable feature services-hdfs.

Configuration​

  • root: Set the work dir for backend.
  • name_node: Set the name node for backend.
  • kerberos_ticket_cache_path: Set the kerberos ticket cache path for backend, this should be gotten by klist after kinit
  • user: Set the user for backend
  • enable_append: enable the append capacity. Default is false.

Refer to [HdfsBuilder]'s public API docs for more information.

Environment​

HDFS needs some environment set correctly.

  • JAVA_HOME: the path to java home, could be found via java -XshowSettings:properties -version
  • HADOOP_HOME: the path to hadoop home, opendal relays on this env to discover hadoop jars and set CLASSPATH automatically.

Most of the time, setting JAVA_HOME and HADOOP_HOME is enough. But there are some edge cases:

  • If meeting errors like the following:
error while loading shared libraries: libjvm.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Java's lib are not including in pkg-config find path, please set LD_LIBRARY_PATH:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/server:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}

The path of libjvm.so could be different, please keep an eye on it.

  • If meeting errors like the following:
(unable to get stack trace for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError exception: ExceptionUtils::getStackTrace error.)

CLASSPATH is not set correctly or your hadoop installation is incorrect.

To set CLASSPATH:

export CLASSPATH=$(find $HADOOP_HOME -iname "*.jar" | xargs echo | tr ' ' ':'):${CLASSPATH}
  • If HDFS has High Availability (HA) enabled with multiple available NameNodes, some configuration is required:
  1. Obtain the entire HDFS config folder (usually located at HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop).
  2. Set the environment variable HADOOP_CONF_DIR to the path of this folder.
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=<path of the config folder>
  1. Append the HADOOP_CONF_DIR to the CLASSPATH
export CLASSPATH=$HADOOP_CONF_DIR:$HADOOP_CLASSPATH:$CLASSPATH
  1. Use the cluster_name specified in the core-site.xml file (located in the HADOOP_CONF_DIR folder) to replace namenode:port.
builder.name_node("hdfs://cluster_name");

macOS Specific Note​

If you encounter an issue during the build process on macOS with an error message similar to:

ld: unknown file type in $HADOOP_HOME/lib/native/libhdfs.so.0.0.0
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

This error is likely due to the fact that the official Hadoop build includes the libhdfs.so file for the x86-64 architecture, which is not compatible with aarch64 architecture required for MacOS.

To resolve this issue, you can add hdrs as a dependency in your Rust application's Cargo.toml file, and enable the vendored feature:

[dependencies]
hdrs = { version = "<version_number>", features = ["vendored"] }

Enabling the vendored feature ensures that hdrs includes the necessary libhdfs.so library built for the correct architecture.

Example​

Via Builder​

use std::sync::Arc;

use anyhow::Result;
use opendal::services::Hdfs;
use opendal::Operator;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create fs backend builder.
    let mut builder = Hdfs::default();
    // Set the name node for hdfs.
    // If the string starts with a protocol type such as file://, hdfs://, or gs://, this protocol type will be used.
    builder.name_node("hdfs://127.0.0.1:9000");
    // Set the root for hdfs, all operations will happen under this root.
    //
    // NOTE: the root must be absolute path.
    builder.root("/tmp");
    
    // Enable the append capacity for hdfs. 
    // 
    // Note: HDFS run in non-distributed mode doesn't support append.
    builder.enable_append(true);

    // `Accessor` provides the low level APIs, we will use `Operator` normally.
    let op: Operator = Operator::new(builder)?.finish();

    Ok(())
}

Via Config​

use anyhow::Result;
use opendal::Operator;
use opendal::Scheme;
use std::collections::HashMap;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
  let mut map = HashMap::new();
  map.insert("name_node".to_string(), "hdfs://127.0.0.1:9000".to_string());
  map.insert("root".to_string(), "/tmp".to_string());

  let op: Operator = Operator::via_map(Scheme::Hdfs, map)?;
  Ok(())
}